Beginner
6 min read

Wallets, Keys and Custody

Whoever controls the private keys controls the assets.

Keys, not coins

A crypto wallet does not store coins. It stores the private keys that authorise transactions on the blockchain. Control of the keys is control of the assets.

Custodial versus self-custody

With a custodial account, an exchange or platform holds the keys for you. That is convenient, and it means you depend entirely on that company's solvency, security and honesty — several have failed and taken customer funds with them.

With self-custody, you hold the keys. Nobody can freeze your assets, and nobody can help you if you lose your recovery phrase.

Non-negotiable rules

These are the basics that prevent most avoidable losses.

  • Never share a recovery phrase with anyone, for any reason
  • No legitimate support agent ever needs your recovery phrase
  • Store recovery phrases offline, never in a screenshot, note app or email
  • Test small transfers before moving meaningful amounts
  • Assume transactions cannot be reversed

Why this matters

In crypto, an operational mistake is permanent in a way a bad investment usually is not.

Common beginner mistake

Storing a recovery phrase as a phone screenshot.

Terms used in this lesson

Private key
The secret that authorises crypto transactions. Control of the key is control of the asset.
Recovery phrase
The words that restore a crypto wallet. Anyone who has it controls the funds.
Self-custody
Holding your own crypto private keys rather than relying on a platform.
See the full glossary
Written by
Suggested Investments Research Team
Content type
Educational article
Published
2026-09-13
Last reviewed
2026-09-13

Sources and methodology

Educational content only. This lesson is not investment, tax or legal advice and does not recommend buying or selling any specific investment. All investing involves the risk of loss.